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ASME's Mechanical Engine…ing Toolkit 1997 December
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Exhibit A
Ordinance Number ________
CIVANO ENERGY CODE
FINAL DRAFT - 10/26/95
(CABO Model Energy Code, 1995 Edition Modified for Civano)
Material to be added is shown; material to be deleted is shown as
*>strikeout<* .
CHAPTER 1
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Section 101.4 Scope. Add a paragraph to read:
The calculated source annual energy consumption at the building
site shall be less than the energy required by the present
Tucson/Pima County Model Energy Code by the following percentages:
Single family/Multifamily dwellings - 60 percent
Commercial buildings/Retail Establishments - 50 percent
Source energy consumption shall be determined by multiplying the
site energy usage in KBtuh per square foot by the following
factors:
Site Energy Factor
Electric 3.10
Gas 1.11
Wood 1.00
Solar (amount of displaced electric or gas) 0.00
Section 102.2 Maintenance Information: Delete the first two
sentences.
Section 102.3 Change the first sentence to read: Whole-window U-factor, solar heat gain coefficient, visible light transmittance
and air leakage values of fenestration products ...
Table 102.3a Add the following notes at the end of the table:
The minimum design characteristics to qualify as a Thermal Break
are:
a. The material used as the thermal break must have a thermal
conductivity of not more than 3.6 Btu/inch/hr/sq. ft./oF, and;
b. The thermal break must produce a gap not less than 0.210
inches, and;
c. All metal members of the product exposed to interior and
exterior air must incorporate a thermal break meeting the criteria
in (a) and (b) above.
In addition, the product must be clearly labeled by the
manufacturer that it qualifies as a thermally broken product.
Non-metal products may include metal fasteners, hardware, and door
thresholds.
For all dual glazed products, adjust the listed U-values as
follows:
a. Subtract 0.05 for spacers 7/16" or wider.
b. Add 0.05 for products with dividers between panes if the
spacer is less than 7/16" wide.
c. Add 0.05 to any product with true divided lites (dividers
through the panes).
Section 102.4 Equipment Add a new subsection to read:
102.4 Equipment. Buildings constructed under the provisions of
this code shall be permitted to use refrigerated air conditioning
systems only if installed in conjunction with ductwork, electrical
service and control wiring and plumbing compatible with an
evaporative cooler. Other provisions of this code notwithstanding,
air conditioning equipment shall have a minimum SEER of 12 or a
minimum EER of 10.
Section 104.1 General: Delete parenthesis around last sentence,
delete the Footnote.
Add a paragraph after the exception to read:
Plans and specifications shall show the method of utilizing solar
energy. Solar usage shall include, but not be limited to, optimum
building orientation, passive solar design for window placement,
solar water heating or space heating.
CHAPTER 2
DEFINITIONS
Section 201 Definitions: Revise as follows:
201.1 Application of Terms. Conditioned Floor Area:
Delete the words "The horizontal projection of", and capitalize the
new first word "That".
201.1 Application of Terms. Positive Cooling Supply:
Insert including evaporative cooling systems, between "cooling" and
"deliberately"
Add a new subsection:
201.1 Application of Terms. Civano: A Tucson Solar Village, a
model sustainable community; a vision of the future where resource
consumption is reduced through more efficient technologies, use of
solar energy and lifestyles which promote greater harmony and
balance with the natural environment; a community in the spirit of
the "Civano" period, a golden era of the Hohokam culture which
balanced natural resources and human needs; incorporates and
demonstrates strategies for achieving more sustainable development.
Add a new subsection:
201.1 Application of Terms. Power Density: The total connected
power load of all components of a building system, including all
auxiliary components and circuitry, without regard to the timing,
scheduling, or control of their operation, in w/ft2 or Btuh/ft2.
Add a new subsection:
201.1 Application of Terms. Site Energy: Energy, other than
recovered energy, utilized for any purpose on the site.
201.1 Application of Terms. SOLAR ENERGY SOURCE. Revise to read:
SOLAR ENERGY SOURCE. *>Source of n<* Natural daylighting *>and
of<* or thermal, chemical or electrical energy derived directly
from conversion of incident solar radiation.
201.1 Application of Terms. Water-chilling Package of Absorption
Revise to read:
Water-chilling package, absorption.
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN CONDITIONS
Table 302.1
Exterior design conditions: Revise the table as follows:
Table 302.1
Exterior Design Conditions3
WINTER DESIGN DRY BULB TEMP. 30 oF
SUMMER DESIGN DRY BULB TEMP. 104 oF
DESIGN WET BULB TEMP. 66 oF
DEGREE DAYS HEATING 7000
DEGREES NORTH LATITUDE 32o
3 This table is not intended to be used for the purpose of system
or equipment sizing.
Add a new section to read:
SECTION 304
WOOD-BURNING STOVES AND FIREPLACES
304.1 General. A wood-burning stove or fireplace shall be
considered as providing the required space heating energy only when
installed as backup energy for a solar-thermal collection system.
304.2 Wood-burning stoves. Wood-burning stoves shall be labeled
to show compliance with the following U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) standards for particulate emissions during
operation:
Stoves with catalytic elements 4.1 grams per hour
Stoves without catalytic elements 7.5 grams per hour
Catalytic stoves shall have an accessible, modular, replaceable
catalyst element.
304.3 Fireplaces. Wood-burning fireplaces shall be provided with
a means of supplying 100% of the combustion air for operation from
the outside, and shall limit particulate emissions to less than 7.5
grams per hour. All fireplaces shall be provided with a tight
fitting glass door and a positive means of circulating the heated
air in the occupied space.
CHAPTER 4
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DESIGN BY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN OF BUILDINGS UTILIZING
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Section 402.1 Energy Analysis. Change the first paragraph to
read:
402.1 Energy Analysis. Compliance with this chapter will require
an analysis of the annual source energy usage as required in
section 101.4, hereinafter called an annual energy analysis.
402.1.1 Input values for Group R buildings. Add a sentence at the
end of the first paragraph to read:
Domestic hot water energy use must be calculated separately from
glazing systems, heat storage, thermal envelope and space
conditioning equipment and must meet the energy reduction
percentages of section 101.4.
Distribution System Loss Factor on page 12; change the Outside
factor for Cooling to read *>0.80 <* 0.75.
Section 402.4 Calculation Procedure.
Operational Characteristics: Add a sentence to read:
The occupied mode shall be not less than 10 hours in a 24-hour
period.
Section 402.5 Documentation. Delete the exception.
Section 404.1 Water heaters, storage tanks and boilers. Add a
sentence to read:
All water heating applications which exceed a 30oF T shall include
a solar heating component, heat recovery from a device other than
the water heater or an energy-equivalent alternative on a fuel use
basis.
CHAPTER 5
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DESIGN BY COMPONENT
PERFORMANCE APPROACH
Section 502.1 General: Add:
Thermal design parameters to be used in this chapter are found in
Chapter 3, Section 302.1.
Section 502.1.2: Revise the second paragraph by placing a comma
after "Masonry", and adding "earthen materials," between "Masonry"
and "or".
Table No. 502.1.2c Delete the phrase " *>, SUCH AS A LOGWALL<* "
in the heading.
Section 502.2.1 Walls. Add a subsection to read:
502.2.1.2 Glazing. Whole-unit glazing maximum U-value shall be
determined by the following equation:
U = 5
(Glazing Percentage) - 5
where Glazing Percentage = 100 x (glazing area / floor area)
Table 502.2.1a Revise as follows:
Table 502.2.1a ( 1 )
HEATING AND COOLING CRITERIA
ELEMENT MODE TYPE A-1 BUILDINGS
or TYPE A-2 BUILDINGS
UO
Walls *>2 <* Heating or cooling 0.110
Roof/Ceiling Heating or cooling 0.026
Floors over unheated spaces
Heating or cooling 0.05
Heated slab on grade *>3<*
Heating R-Value 5
Unheated slab on grade *> 4<*
Heating R-Value 5
Basement wall *>5<* 2
Heating or cooling U-Value 0.095
Crawl space wall *>5,6<* 2,3
Heating or cooling U-Value 0.06
1 Values *>shall be<* are determined by using the graphs (Figure
Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) contained in Chapter 8 using heating
degree days as specified in Section 302.
*>2 Walls. The requirements for locations with less than 500
heating degree days shall be:
(a) No maximum Uo if building is heated only.
(b) If the building is to be mechanically cooled when built or if
provision is made for the future addition of mechanical cooling,
the maximum Uo for walls in Type A-1 buildings shall be 0.30
Btuh/ft/oF and in type A-2 buildings shall be 0.38 Btuh/ft/oF.<*
*>3<* *>There are no insulation requirements for heated slabs in
locations having less than 500 Fahrenheit heating degree days.
4 There are no insulation requirements for unheated slabs in
locations having less than 2,500 Fahrenheit heating degreedays.<*
*>5<* 2 Basement and crawl space wall U values shall be based on
the wall components and surface air films. Adjacent soil shall not
be considered in the determination of the U value.
*>6<* 3 Typical foundation wall insulation techniques can be
found in Standard RS-20 listed in Chapter 8.
Section 502.2.2 Roof/ceiling. Add the following:
Roof/ceiling surfaces shall have a Heat Rejection Index greater
than 0.8 over at least 75 percent of the opaque area, as determined
by the formula
Heat Rejection Index = albedo + (absorptance x emissivity) / 2
where:
albedo = the portion of light across visible spectrum reflected,
on a 0 to 1 scale
absorptance = 1 - reflectance
emissivity = portion of absorbed heat radiantly emitted, across the
infrared spectrum, on a 0 to 1 scale as determined for varying
finishes by Standard RS-56, listed in Chapter 8,or other
documentation approved by the building official.
Section 502.2.4 Slab-on-grade floors: Revise as follows:
502.2.4 Slab-on-grade floors. For slab-on-grade floors, the
thermal resistance of the insulation around the perimeter of the
floor shall not be less than the value given in Table 502.2.1a.
Insulation shall be placed on the outside of the foundation or on
the inside of a foundation wall. *>In climates below 6,000 annual
Fahrenheit heating degree days (HDD) (Celsius) or greater,<* The
insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for *>a
minimum of 48 inches (1219 mm)<* a minimum of 12 inches (304 mm)
below grade, or to the bottom of the footing, whichever is greater;
or downward to at least the bottom of the slab and then
horizontally to the interior or exterior for a minimum total
distance of *>48 inches (1219 mm) <* 36 inches (914 mm). *>In
all climates, t <* The horizontal insulation extending outside of
the foundation shall be covered by pavement or by soil a minimum of
10 inches (254 mm) thick. The top edge of the insulation installed
between the exterior wall and the edge of the interior slab shall
be permitted to be cut at a 45-degree angle away from the exterior
wall.
Section 502.3.4 Recessed lighting fixtures. Revise the first
paragraph to read:
503.2.4 Recessed lighting fixtures. When installed in the
building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall be constructed
so as to accept only lamps with efficacy greater than 40
lumens/watt, and meet one of the following requirements:
Section 503.2.1 Calculation procedures. Add a sentence to read:
Equipment not covered by the tables in this section shall show the
following maximum installed cooling power densities, including all
auxiliaries:
less than 65,000 BTU/hr: 2.7 kW primary energy per 1000 sf at
site
65,000 - 135,000 BTU/hr: 3.6 kW per 1000 sf
135,000 - 250,000 BTU/hr: 3.7 kW per 1000 sf
greater than 250,000 BTU/hr: 2.0 kW per 1000 sf
with energy intensity of mechanical cooling equipment calculated
from EER ratings if entirely electric.
Table 503.35a Change the SEER values in the fourth column (Minimum
Performance) from 10 and 9.7 to 12.0 and 10, respectively.
Section 503.4 Add a new sub-section to read:
503.4.3 Speed Reduction: An automatic method of speed reduction for
pump and fan motors, or air or water flow reduction, during less
than full system load conditions, which assures energy savings
through motor power input reduction, shall be employed for any air
system that exceeds a total system static pressure of 2.0 inches
water gauge, and any water system that exceeds a total water system
pressure equivalent to a 50 foot head of water.
Section 503.5 Balancing. Add a new second sentence to read:
For structures with a floor area greater than 5000 square feet with
forced-air climate control, balancing shall be performed, or
included as part of a commissioning process from the design and
construction phase. Certification and results of the balancing
shall be submitted to the jurisdiction, the owner and the designer
of the project.
Section 503.9 Piping Insulation. Delete exceptions 2 and 4, and
renumber exception 3 to 2.
Section 504.2 Water heaters, storage tanks and boilers. Add a
sentence to read:
All water heating applications which exceed a 30oF T shall include
a solar heating component, heat recovery from a device other than
the water heater or an energy-equivalent alternative on a fuel use
basis.
Section 504.2.1.1 Electric Water heaters. Revise as follows:
504.2.1.1 Electric Water heaters. All Automatic electric storage
water heaters *>having a storage capacity of 120 gallons (454L) or
less and an input rating of 12 kW or less <* shall have a standby
loss not exceeding 4.0 watts/ft2 (43W/m2) of tank surface or 43
watts, whichever is greater, when tested in accordance with
Standard RS-5 listed in Chapter 8 and calculated at an 80o
temperature difference. *>
<*
Section 504.2.1.2 Gas- and oil-fired water heaters.
Change the sixth paragraph to read:
Natural gas- *>and oil-<* fired water heaters *>having an input
rate of more than 4,000 Btu/h per gallon (1172 W per L) of stored
water and having a pilot input rate greater than 0.5 percent of the
maximum heater input rate (but not exceeding 750 Btu/h) (220 W)<*
shall be equipped with an ignition system which is not a
continuously burning pilot light, and shall be accompanied by an
automatic flue damper.
Section 504.2.3 Combination service water heating/space heating
boilers. Delete the exceptions.
Section 504.5.1 Add the following at the beginning of the
paragraph:
All recreational swimming pools shall utilize solar energy as the
only water heating source. Medical and rehabilitation pools
smaller than 3,000 gallons water capacity shall use solar energy as
the primary water heating source, with a new energy source
permitted as backup.
Add a new Section 504.2.4:
Section 504.5.4 Recirculating Systems. Recirculating systems
shall be provided with time clocks as required in Sec. 504.5.3,
switches as required in Sec. 504.6, and pipe insulation as required
in Sec. 504.7.
Section 504.8 Conservation of Hot Water. Delete in its entirety
and add "Plumbing fixtures supplied with hot water shall comply
with Chapter 15 of the Tucson/Pima County Plumbing Code"
Add a new section 506 to read:
506. Energy Consumption - Other Than Electrical.
In multifamily dwellings , provisions shall be made to determine
the energy consumed by each tenant by separately metering
individual dwelling units or tenant spaces.
CHAPTER 6
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DESIGN BY ACCEPTABLE PRACTICE
Section 602.2.1 Walls. Add the following paragraph to read:
602.2.1.1 Wall assemblies. Exterior walls shall be constructed to
meet a minimum composite R-Value of 14 including air films. The
following assemblies are deemed to meet this requirement:
1. Nominal 2 x 6 wood-frame construction insulated with R-19
batts or loose-fill insulation.
2. Nominal 2 x 4 wood-frame construction insulated with R-11
batts or loose-fill insulation and rigid insulation board on
the exterior with an R-Value of not less than 3.2, with a
nominal 4 inch brick veneer.
3. Nominal 2 x 4 wood-frame construction insulated with R-11
batts or loose-fill insulation and rigid insulation board on
the exterior with an R-Value of not less than 5.0.
4. Earthen material or solid masonry, with a total heat capacity
of 22 Btuh/ft/oF, at least 12 inches in thickness with rigid
insulation board with an R-Value of not less than 5.0 applied
to the exterior.
5. Earthen material or solid masonry, with a total heat capacity
of 44 Btuh/ft/oF, at least 24 inches in thickness.
6. Straw bales at least 14 inches in thickness.
7. Log construction with an average thickness of 12 inches.
8. Log construction with an average thickness of 6 inches and
nominal 2 x 4 frame construction insulated with R-11 batts or
loose-fill insulation.
Add the following exceptions after the last paragraph:
Exceptions:
1. Doors whose area and U-value are considered as glazing in
section 602.2.1 shall be exempt.
2. One exterior swinging door with a maximum area of 32 square
feet may be installed for ornamental, security or
architectural purposes and be exempt from these requirements.
Add new subsections to read:
602.2.1.1 Exterior door area. For doors containing at least 20
percent of the door area in glazing, the glazing area shall be
subtracted from the door area for the purpose of determining the U-value of the door.
602.2.1.2 Exterior door U-value. All exterior doors shall have a
maximum area weighted U-value not exceeding that prescribed in
Table 102.3b.
602.2.1.3 Glazing. Whole-unit glazing maximum U-value shall be
determined by the following equation:
U = 5 / ((Glazing Percentage) - 5)
where Glazing Percentage = 100 x (glazing area / floor area)
Section 602.2.2 Roof/ceiling. Add a new subsection to read:
602.2.2.1 Roof/ceiling assemblies. Ceilings below ventilated attic
spaces and single rafter vaulted ceilings shall be constructed to
meet a minimum composite R-value of 38 including air films.
The following assemblies are deemed to meet this requirement:
1. Wood-frame assembly insulated with R-36 batts or loose-fill
insulation.
2. Earthen material or solid masonry, with a total heat capacity
of 22 Btuh/ft/oF, at least 12 inches in thickness with glass
fiber or foam insulation with an R-Value of not less than 22
applied to the interior.
3. Earthen material or solid masonry, with a total heat capacity
of 44 Btuh/ft/oF, at least 24 inches in thickness with glass
fiber or foam insulation with an R-Value of not less than 11
applied to the interior.
4. Earthen material or solid masonry, with a total heat capacity
of 66 Btuh/ft/oF, at least 36 inches in thickness
5. Straw bales at least 14 inches in thickness.
Section 602.2.4 Slab-on-grade floors.
Change the second paragraph as follows:
Insulation shall be placed on the outside of the foundation or on
the inside of a foundation wall. *>In climates below 6,000 annual
Fahrenheit heating degree days (HDD) (Celsius) or greater,<* The
insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for *>a
minimum of 48 inches (1219 mm)<* a minimum of 12 inches (304 mm)
below grade to, or the bottom of the footing which ever is greater;
or downward to at least the bottom of the slab and then
horizontally to the interior or exterior for a minimum total
distance of *>48 inches (1219 mm) <* 36 inches (914 mm). *>In
all climates, t <* The horizontal insulation extending outside of
the foundation shall be covered by pavement or by soil a minimum of
10 inches (254 mm) thick. The top edge of the insulation installed
between the exterior wall and the edge of the interior slab shall
be permitted to be cut at a 45-degree angle away from the exterior
wall. At least 25 percent of the floor area in the living space
shall be without carpet.
Section 603.2 HVAC equipment requirements, change to read: ...
efficiency and power density requirements of section 503.2 and
503.3.
Table No. 603.5 Minimum Pipe Insulation; Revise by changing the
numbers 1 1/2 to 1/2 in the third and fourth columns on the line
"CHILLED WATER".
Section 603.6 Add a new section to read:
603.6 Space Cooling. Buildings that are cooled using air
conditioners or air-to-air, ground-to-air or water-to-air heat
pumps shall be sized to provide a ratio of one ton of cooling per
600 square feet or more of floor space. System sizing shall be
determined by an analysis consistent with industry standards.
Section 603.7 Add a new subsection to read:
603.7 Mechanical Equipment and Water Heater Efficiency. The
efficiency of water heating and mechanical equipment shall be in
accordance with sections 503 and 504 of this code.
SECTION 604
SERVICE WATER HEATING
Section 604.1.2.3 Swimming Pools. Add the following at the
beginning of the first paragraph:
All recreational swimming pools shall utilize solar energy as the
only water heating source. Medical and rehabilitation pools
smaller than 3,000 gallons water capacity shall use solar energy as
the primary water heating source, with a new energy source
permitted as backup. When permitted, *>P<* pool . . . . .
remainder unchanged.
Section 604.4 Conservation of hot water. Delete in its entirety
and add "Plumbing fixtures supplied with hot water shall comply
with Chapter 15 of the Tucson/Pima County Plumbing Code"
CHAPTER 7
BUILDING DESIGN FOR ALL BUILDINGS OTHER THAN
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Section 702.1 Basic Requirements. Revise to read as follows:
702.1 Basic Requirements. Building designs shall meet the
requirements of Chapter 4, 5 or 6 of this code as well as the
requirements of Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, 10.4, 11.4 and
12.4 in Standard RS-22 listed in Chapter 8.
Section 702.2 Additional requirements. Add the following before
the first exception:
Buildings otherwise meeting the requirements of Chapter 4, 5 or 6
of this code may employ the following performance requirement
substitutions of Standard RS-22, listed in Chapter 8:
Remainder unchanged.
Add a new section to read:
SECTION 703
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS
703.1 Lighting Power Budget. The maximum lighting power density
(LPD) for any building may be calculated by either the Complete
Building Method or the Area Category Method, according to the
following table:
TABLE 703.1
Complete Building Method
Building Type Max.Lighting Power Density
(W/sf)
General commercial or industrial work buildings 0.8
Grocery stores 1.2
Industrial or commercial storage buildings 0.5
Medical buildings and clinics 1.0
Office buildings 1.0
Religious worship, auditorium/convention centers 1.3
Restaurants 1.0
Retail and wholesale stores 1.3
Schools 1.2
Theaters 1.0
All others 0.5
Area Category Method
Area Type Max.Lighting Power Density
(W/sf)
Auditorium 1.3
Bank/financial institutions 1.2
Classrooms 1.3
Convention/conference/meeting centers 1.0
Corridors, restrooms, support areas 0.5
Dining 0.8
Exhibit 1.5
General commercial and industrial work 0.8
Grocery 1.3
Hotel function 1.5
Industrial and commercial storage 0.4
Kitchen 1.5
Lobbies: Hotel lobby 1.5
Main entry lobby 1.0
Malls, arcades, and atria 0.8
Medical and clinical care 1.2
Office 1.0
Precision commercial and/or industrial work 1.3
Religious worship 1.4
Retail sales, wholesale showrooms 1.4
Theaters: Motion picture 0.7
Performance 1.0
For any building greater than 5,000 square feet in area, and for
all non-residential buildings, the following shall apply:
Lighting design shall comply with current IESNA guidelines and
application notes, with selection of the median illuminance as
the target optimum, not the minimum. In all areas designated
higher than IESNA category C, specified illuminance shall be on
task, with ambient illuminance generally task/3. LPD shall in no
case exceed the values in Table 703.1. In all areas, lighting
targets shall be achieved by the most energy efficient technology
which meets the following requirements:
└"└CRI greater than 80 for work areas, greater than 75 for all
areas.
└"└Color Temperature less than 3600oK, except in retail display,
excluding tasklights
Technologies include but are not limited to:
└"└Incorporation of natural daylight, and daylight-supplementing
artificial light
└"└Area lighting by high-CRI straight tube fluorescent with
specular reflectorized interior luminaire. Fully electronic
instant start 4-lamp parallel-circuit ballasts, wired in
tandem to multiple luminaries. Daylight-dimming via photocell
sensor/controller.
└"└Task lighting by 13 watt lamps (or smaller), with laterally
offset placement so as not to cause direct or veiling glare
└"└Conference rooms to have continuous architectural-dimming (to
10%) fluorescent luminaries in place of can downlights, or
else can lights controlled by center-off double throw switch
which prevents simultaneous operation of area lights and
downlights.
Prohibited technologies include:
└"└Tungsten filament incandescent except quartz-halogen
└"└T12 fluorescent
└"└VHO and SHO lamps
└"└Mercury vapor lamps
└"└U-shaped lamps (except CFLs <20W)
└"└Small-cell paracube grates
└"└Magnetic fluorescent ballasts
└"└Series-circuit ballasts
└"└Unreflectorized interior luminaries
Occupancy Sensors shall be specified and installed in accordance
with EPA Green Lights guidelines, with control technology
appropriate to the application.
Areas with video display terminals shall be primarily illuminated
by task lighting, with overhead luminaries using high-VCP
transparent lenses. Visual acuity factors are to be treated as
minus weighting factors.
Areas with visible daylight shall use continuous-dimming
photocell-controlled variable light output devices except those
controlled by non-defeatable occupancy sensors. Daylighting
contribution to be considered in calculation of IESNA target
illuminance.